<p>The Franklin County Courthouse is a courthouse located in Farmington, Maine, the county seat of Franklin County. The 1885 courthouse represents a sophisticated design by George M. Coombs, with an addition in 1917 by Coombs son, Harry Coombs. The building, the countys first purpose-built courthouse, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is set in a small park just on the northern edge of Farmington&#39;s central business district, bounded by Main, Anson, Cony, and Church Streets. It is a -story red-brick structure, roughly rectangular in shape, with high-style Victorian Italianate features. It has a hip roof which is crowned by a small square tower with a louvered ventilator, clock, and metal dome with weathervane. Each of three facades has a central pavilion which projects slightly and is topped by a gable section. The corners of the pavilions and the building have brick quoining on the first level, with pilasters at the building corners and between the bays on the elongated second level.</p><br>
<p>Farmington was designated the seat of Franklin County in 1838. The county court first met in a converted meeting house, which also housed town offices. This courthouse was built in 1885 on the site of this first building, to a design by the prolific and noted Lewiston architect George M. Coombs. Coombs designed a number of buildings in Farmington, particularly in the wake of a major fire that swept through the town in the 1880s. The annex to the courthouse was designed by his son Harry and completed in 1917.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The magnificent Victorian Italianate-Queen Anne block portrays the work of one of Maine&#39;s leading architects George M. Coombs of Lewiston when he was at the height of his powers. It mirrors elegance in design and still evades Victorian pretension and complexity. The courthouse is undoubtedly the most excellent work in Franklin County.</p><br>
<p>Born in Brunswick, Maine, M. Coombs (1852-1909) moved to Lewiston in 1871 to join the office of William H. Stevens as an apprentice. William H. Stevens was an architect and civil engineer. Within a short time Coombs became a member of the firm; afterwards, the firm was renamed as Stevens and Coombs. After the death of Stevens, Coombs succeeded as senior partner. Subsequently Mr. Coombs, taking two former students as partners, started the firm of Coombs, Gibbs and Wilkinson.</p><br>
<p>Mr. Coombs is noted on the National Register for numerous magnificent structures which he designed including the Holman Day, Cushman and William P. Frye Houses, the Kora Shrine Temple, the Dominican Block, the Roak Block, The Lewiston Public Library, and the Oak Street School. He is gone but he is known as the architect of the original Poland Spring House.</p><br>
<p>Interestingly, the courthouse annex which was built in 1917, was designed by his son, Harry S. Coombs.</p><br>
<p>The Tell City Oddfellows&#39; Hall was a building in Tell City, Perry County, Indiana, United States; also known as the "Hall of Tell City Lodge, No. 206, IOOF", it was constructed in 1894. It served historically as an Independent Order of Odd Fellows meeting hall, as a multiple dwelling, as a specialty store, and as a business. The building was destroyed by fire on the morning of October 14, 2013.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 and was removed from the National Register in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Cedar Falls Independent Order of Odd Fellows Temple, in Cedar Falls, Iowa, also known as Odd Fellows Temple or 4th and Main Building, is an Independent Order of Odd Fellows building that was built during 1901–02. It is a -story building on a 46 ft by 132 ft base.</p><br>
<p>Its 1996 nomination to the National Register of Historic Places asserted that it is historically significant because it attests to the important role of Odd Fellows in local social history, including providing life insurance to members&#39; widows and orphans; because of it providing an example of a fraternal-commercial building, new at time of its construction; because it demonstrates the "considerable skills" of James E. Robinson, general contractor; and as it "calls attention to the influence of late Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century revival styling on its design."</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch Historic District is located west of Harney Lake in Harney County in southeastern Oregon, United States. At one time, the Double-O Ranch covered over 17,000 acre. The ranch was owned by Bill Hanley, a well-known cattle baron and Bull Moose progressive. In 1941, the United States Government purchased most of the Double O Ranch property and added it to the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. The two remaining Double-O Ranch buildings are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch is located in the Harney Basin of southeastern Oregon. Around 9,800 years ago, the Harney Basin was covered by a single great lake covering 255,000 acre. Early inhabitants received abundant food from the birds, animals, and plants found in the wetland around the lake. About 3,500 years ago, small villages began to develop around it. Due to extended droughts beginning about 1,400 years ago, the lake and surrounding wetlands began to shrink.</p><br>
<p>While there are no records of the earliest people to inhabit the Harney Basin, Native Americans used the wetland areas around Harney Lake for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. By the time Europeans began to explore the area in the early nineteenth century, the Northern Paiute people were well established in the Harney Basin.</p><br>
<p>Hudson&#39;s Bay Company fur trappers were the first Europeans to visit the Harney Basin. Peter Skene Ogden passed through the area in 1826. Other fur trapping expeditions followed in the 1830s. Several military expeditions explored the area in the late 1850s. Major Enoch Steen was the first non-native to explore the Donner und Blitzen River area south of Harney Lake in 1860. Steens Mountain, that dominates central Harney County, was named in his honor. In the 1860s, the United States Army established a number of military outposts in the Harney Basin.</p><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch was established in 1875 by Amos W. Riley and James A. Hardin. It was one of the first permanent pioneer settlements in Harney County. In June 1878, during the Bannock War, the original ranch buildings were burned by a Bannock and Paiute war party. On 23 October 1878, the only pitched battle of that war occurred near Silver Creek on the northern edge of the Double-O Ranch.</p><br>
<p>After the Bannock War, Riley and Hardin rebuilt the Double-O Ranch. They continued to operate the ranch until 1903, when it was sold to William "Bill" Hanley who owned land north of the Double-O Ranch. Hanley improved the Double-O property, significantly increased cattle production. He also made the ranch a rustic retreat for his many guests.</p><br>
<h2>Bill Hanley</h2><br>
<p>William "Bill" Hanley moved to Harney County in eastern Oregon in 1879. Hanley initially purchased land near Burns, Oregon. In 1903, he acquired the Double-O Ranch near Harney Lake for $6 an acre. Over time, Hanley turned it into one of the county&#39;s largest cattle ranches, and a showplace for his personal guests who wanted to enjoy the privacy and open space of southeastern Oregon.</p><br>
<p>The Double-O was one of five ranches operated by Hanley. His ranch holdings totaled over 25,000 acre of deeded property. His Bell-A Ranch was three miles east of Burns. It only covered 6,700 acre, but it was widely regarded as one of the finest ranch estates in the western United States. His Double-O Ranch was over 17,000 acre. At the Double-O Ranch, it was 8 mi from the ranch gate to the front door of the main house. Hanley also had access to thousands of acres of public range land. In 1913, The New York Times reported that Hanley&#39;s cattle operation covered 200,000 acre. He eventually established the Harney Valley Improvement Company to promote his land interests and encourage the development of Harney County.</p><br>
<p>During the time he was building his ranch empire, Hanley knew the other powerful eastern Oregon cattle barons well. His peers included Peter French, who owned of the vast P Ranch; John Devine, founder of the White Horse Ranch; and Henry Miller, head of the Miller and Lux Company that controlled over 1,000,000 acre of land in California, Oregon, and Nevada.</p><br>
<p>Hanley was a progressive thinker, who became famous for his ranch hospitality. He entertained guests at his Bell-A Ranch or took them to the rustic Double-O Ranch to enjoy the outdoors. His friends included prominent politicians like Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and William Jennings Bryan as well as business tycoons such as James J. Hill, owner of the Great Northern Railway. Hanley also played host to well-known writer CES Wood, poet Edwin Markham, painter Childe Hassam, sculptor Alexander Phimister Proctor, and humorist Will Rogers. In 1914, he ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate as a progressive Bull Moose Party candidate.</p><br>
<h2>Malheur National Wildlife Refuge</h2><br>
<p>The Malheur Migratory Bird Refuge was created in 1908. Over the years, the refuge grew to encompass 81,786 acre around Malheur Lake. During the 1930s, the P Ranch near Frenchglen, Oregon and Sod House Ranch south of Malheur Lake were incorporated into the refuge, adding 64,717 acre to the protected wildlife area. In 1940, the name of the refuge was officially changed to the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<p>Because the ranch played an important role in the development of the cattle industry in the western United States, the Double-O Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district on 25 October 1982. The district covers 10 acre; however, there are only two of the original ranch buildings remaining at the site. Both of these historic structures are located on the compound of Double O Station, a year around field station operated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>The two remaining historic structures include a log cabin and a blacksmiths shop, both dating from the 1880s. In 1982, when the historic district was created, the cabin was in good condition, but the blacksmiths shop was partially collapsed.</p><br>
<p>The log cabin was used as the blacksmiths residence. It is a -story, hand-hewn log structure. All of the logs have been squared and have dovetailed ends that lock the log joints together. The cabins footprint is 16 ft by 24 ft. The cabin has a wooden floor and a cedar shingle roof. There is a porch on the south side of the building that shelters the main door. On the north side there is a second door and two windows. The structure was restored in 1979. The restoration project replaced the doors, windows, and roof. The porch and fireplace were also repaired, and a concealed concrete foundation was placed under the structure.</p><br>
<p>The blacksmith&#39;s shop is a single-story log structure with no foundation. The building is approximately 15 ft by 19 ft. The only door is on the north side. It has two windows, one on the east end and the other on the west end. A board floor was added in 1903.</p><br>
<p>There are three other modern structures within the historic district. They include a residence used to house a refuge employee who lives at the site year around. The residence was moved from Camp Abbot to its present location in 1954. A large garage was built in 1955, and a pump house was added sometime in the 1950s. None of these structures have historic significance.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch Historic District is located within the boundaries of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Oregon. The site is now known as Double O Station. The site is approximately 5 mi east of Harney Lake. The elevation of Double O Station is 4,134 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch is 25 mi southwest of Burns, Oregon in direct line. From Burns, travel east on Oregon Route 78 for 2 mi; then turn south on Oregon Route 205. Follow Route 205 for 20 mi before turning west on the Double-O Road. The Double-O Ranch Historic District is located at Double-O Station approximately 18 mi from the junction with Route 205.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>The zoned K-8 school is Double O Elementary School. It is a one room school made of cement. In 1969 the school had six students. In 1998 the school had one teacher and a house for that teacher. At that time the enrollment was six. Like other rural schools in Harney County, the school receives traveling teachers from Harney County&#39;s agency for specialized subjects. Prior to 1998 there were periods where the telephone lines stopped working for over a month per instance. By 1998 the school was connected to the internet via a fiber optic line after the students asked Governor of Oregon John Kitzhaber for help.</p><br>
<p>High school students are zoned to Crane Union High School, of Harney County Union High School District 1J.</p><br>
<p>Harney County is not in a community college district but has a "contract out of district" (COD) with Treasure Valley Community College. TVCC operates the Burns Outreach Center in Burns.</p><br>
<p>The I.O.O.F. Hall, in Garnavillo, Iowa, also known as Garnavillo Lodge Hall, is a two-story building built in 1860. It served as a clubhouse for International Order of Odd Fellows and then later for Masons.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>In 1979 it was assessed to be historically significant as a "very nice example" of Greek Revival architecture, which is relatively rare in Iowa, and as a "very early" fraternal hall that was well-preserved.</p><br>
<p>The Water Street Historic District encompasses a historic commercial and industrial area on the west side of downtown Torrington, Connecticut. Extending roughly along Water and Church Streets between the Naugatuck River and Prospect Street, the district includes factory and commercial buildings, as well as the former Torrington Fire Department Headquarters and the civic Knights of Pythias building. Developed between about 1885 and 1920, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Naugatuck River, where it passes through what is now downtown Torrington, was long recognized as a potential source of industrial power, and was first dammed for a sawmill in 1751. Water Street is an early road, joining that sawmill in the west to Main Street in the east. The city&#39;s major industries in the 19th century came to be the rolling of brass and the manufacture of brass objects. Growth was spurred by the arrival of the railroad, and in 1857 Charles Hotchkiss established a lumber parts mill, which eventually became a major manufacturer of window sashes and blinds. Although Water Street was at first lined with a combination of houses and commercial buildings, it was transformed into a primarily commercial and industrial area between about 1880 and 1920. The present streetscape is largely the product of that period, altered in part by the loss of some of the industrial buildings to fire and flood.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is abutted on its eastern end by the Downtown Torrington Historic District. Its southern boundary is the Naugatuck River, extend from the railroad bridge west and northerly to Church Street. It includes a few buildings on Church Street, as well as Railroad Square, which is bounded on the north by Mason Street. There are 34 historically significant buildings in this area, which is about 20 acre in size. The oldest buildings include the American Brass Company office, a fine Second Empire building on Water Street which was built in 1881. The railroad depot, built in 1898, is a good example of Renaissance Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Grandview Apostolic Church was a historic church building in Brown County, Indiana, United States. Built in 1892 along Grandview Ridge Road near the community of New Bellsville, it lay in far eastern Van Buren Township. The church was a frame structure with a facade that featured a steeple, while the interior consisted of only a single room.</p><br>
<p>A part of the denomination known as the Apostolic Church, Grandview Apostolic was the second oldest existing church building in Brown County. It closed during the twentieth century, but a congregation was restarted there in the early 1990s, and the building remained in active use by that congregation until 2010. In 1991, the church building and two related structures, plus the cemetery, were added to the National Register of Historic Places because of their place in local history and because of their well-preserved historic architecture. Such a distinction is unusual; both cemeteries and religious properties must pass higher hurdles than most other types of properties in order to qualify for inclusion on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Before dawn on July 14, 2010, a neighbor called firefighters to report that the church was burning, prompting a response from firefighters from the Hamblen Township, Fruitdale, Nashville, and Van Buren Township volunteer fire departments. Little more than half an hour after the initial emergency call, the fire was under control, but the church had already been destroyed; the only thing saved was the pastors Bible. Determined to continue as a congregation, the churchs forty-five members later decided to take the name of "New Beginnings Church" and began worshipping elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Within two weeks of the church&#39;s destruction, seven teenage residents of Columbus, Indiana were arrested and charged with arson. One of the seven admitted setting the fire; according to him, the group committed the act as the result of a days-long planning process. Claiming that the group burned the church while under the influence of LSD, he stated that they had believed Grandview Apostolic Church to be a community of Satan worshippers.</p><br>
<p>On September 29, 2010, the National Park Service withdrew the church&#39;s historic site status.</p><br>
<p>The Jonathan Root House is a historic house at 140–142 North Main Street in Southington, Connecticut. Built about 1720, it is believed to be the oldest surviving colonial building in the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, and now houses professional offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jonathan Root House is located north of the village center of Southington, on the west side of North Main Street at its junction with Mill Street. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney and a center entrance. The entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a gabled entablature. It originally had a more steeply sloping rear roof, giving it a saltbox profile, but that was raised in the 20th century to provide for a larger second story. Well-preserved interior elements include a period builtin cupboard.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s exact construction date is not known, but it was the residence of Jonathan Root, a prominent 18th-century resident, and is estimated to have been built around 1720. The town was first settled in the late 17th century, and Root (born 1707) married into the locally prominent Woodruff family. When Southington was incorporated in 1779, the residents chose Root as one of the five first selectmen. At that same meeting, Root, along with Josiah Cowles, were appointed to a committee to "provide for the families of officers and soldiers in the field." In 1774, Root was appointed to a committee to deliver provisions to Boston, in response to the British blockade of Boston harbor. In addition to living here, Root also operated a tavern on the premises.</p><br>
<p>The Luman Andrews House is a historic house at 469 Andrews Street in Southington, Connecticut. Built in 1745, it is one of the oldest houses in Southington. Its property was also the site of the early manufacture of hydraulic cement. The 1.8 acre property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Luman Andrews House stands in a rural area of central eastern Southington, on the east side of Andrews Street just south of its junction with Woodruff Street. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a side-gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance topped by a four-light transom window and framed by a Greek Revival surround with pilasters and a corniced entablature. The side gable ends have also been fully pedimented in another Greek Revival alteration. The property also includes the remains of a 19th-century lime kiln. A quarry on the site was the source of volcanic rock used in Portland cement during the 1830s and 1840s.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1745 by Nathaniel Messenger with just four bays, and was enlarged by its fifth bay in 1795 by Eunice Judd Root. In 1818 the house was purchased by Luman Andrews, the son of a local American Revolutionary War here. Andrews discovered blue limestone on the property, an important ingredient in portland cement, which prior to that time was imported to the United States from England. The quarry and kiln operation that Andrews established was productive until about 1860. The houses Greek Revival alterations were made during Andrews ownership of the property. It was sold out of the Andrews family in 1873.</p><br>
<p>The Josiah Cowles House is a historic house at 184 Marion Avenue, in the Plantsville section of Southington, Connecticut. Built in the mid-18th century, it is a well-preserved local example of Georgian architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It presently houses a bed and breakfast inn.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Josiah Cowles House stands on the south side of Marion Avenue, between Sunny Ridge Drive and Old Mill Road west of the village center of Plantsville and Interstate 84. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a wide double door at its center. The door is framed by simple trim, while the windows are surmounted by slightly projecting caps.</p><br>
<p>Although traditionally ascribed a construction date of 1728, the architecture suggests it was built closer to 1750, probably around the time of Josiah Cowles&#39; second marriage. The house was the residence of Captain Josiah Cowles, one of the early settlers of Southington. Cowles was born in Farmington, Connecticut on November 20, 1713. At the very first town meeting after the incorporation of Southington, held November 11, 1779, the residents appointed Cowles, along with Jonathan Root to a committee to "provide for the families of officers and soldiers in the field." In 1774, Cowles was appointed to a committee to deliver provisions to Boston, in response to the British blockade of Boston harbor.</p><br>
<p>The Burtner House  is an historic home which is located on Burtner Road in Harrison Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built between 1818 and 1821 by Phillip Burtner, along Little Bull Creek, the property was originally a working farm and residence of the Burtner family. Through the years, it served as an election polling station and as the setting for town meetings, including the discussions that lead to the construction of the Pennsylvania Canal. The house served four generations of the Burtner family.</p><br>
<p>Spared from demolition prior to the construction of Pennsylvania Route 28, the Burtner House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and to the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The site is home to an annual strawberry festival the third Saturday in June.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Building is a historic building located in Maquoketa, Iowa, United States. Built in 1886, it is a three-story, Late Victorian, brick structure. It is one of several buildings in the central business district that utilizes brick as the primary decorative material. What makes this one unusual is the decorative use of light cream colored brick around the windows, between the second and third floors, and in the cornice. The basement of the building has been used for a barber shop, the main level has housed various retail businesses, and the upper floors are used by the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for their clubhouse. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Hall in Monticello, Iowa was built in 1871. It is a narrow, 20 ft by 65 ft Italianate commercial building.</p><br>
<p>It was built for the Monticello Lodge No. 117 of the International Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF), that had been organized on March 16, 1858. The Odd Fellows group grew to a peak membership of 121 members, and at one point had an associated German-language lodge, William Tell #391 with 25 members, but the organization declined and was defunct by the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. According to the 1985 nomination, it was the best-preserved Italianate, late 19th century, commercial building in Monticello.</p><br>
<p>The Onawa IOOF Opera House, also known as the Onawa Opera House, is a historic opera house located in Onawa, Iowa. It was completed in November, 1900, only to be heavily damaged in a fire a month later, on December 24, 1900.</p><br>
<p>It has been deemed historically significant as the building most strongly associated Onawa&#39;s "strong tradition of live-stage entertainment" from the late 1880s to the mid-1920s, involving three structures.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Hall in Troy Mills, Iowa was built in 1900. It served as a meeting place of the local International Order of Odd Fellows organization. It has been deemed significant as "a rather late example of boomtown construction dressed up in Italianate styling. It shows how the availability of materials like metal cornice, columns, etc. caused particular architectural styles or treatments to continue well past their heyday."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Temple in Lexington, Kentucky, also known as Skullers Jewelry, Inc., was built in Second Empire and Italianate style between 1869 and 1870. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It is a 41 ft by 97 ft building that is primarily Italianate in style, but has a Second Empire-styled top floor.</p><br>
<p>The listing includes "Skuller&#39;s Clock", a two-faced clock on an iron column about 10 ft in front of the store.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Building in Owensboro, Kentucky, also denoted DAOB 86, is a three-story building that was built in 1895. It served historically as a professional building, as a clubhouse, and as a specialty store. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the most complex buildings, architecturally, in downtown Owensboro, and includes eclectic Beaux Arts and Italian Renaissance Revival details.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows chapter had membership of 125 men in 1895 when this building, with third floor lodge space for the chapter, was built. The rest of the building has always been commercial, with the first floor as retail space and the second floor as office space.</p><br>
<p>It was listed onto the National Register in 1986 along with multiple other historic resources in Owensboro, as result of a multiple resources study.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Building in Pikeville, Kentucky is a three-story brick building that was built in 1915 and historically served as a warehouse and as a business. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It has glazed brick on its front facade, on 2nd Street.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as one of two surviving brick warehouse buildings in Pikeville&#39;s commercial district. Part of the building has been used in a grocery wholesale business.</p><br>
<p>It was one subject of a study of historic resources in Pikeville that led to multiple listings on the National Register in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Hall and Fromberg Co-operative Mercantile Building was built in 1906 at the west end of downtown Fromberg, Montana. It was the first brick building in Fromberg and served historically as a department store and as a meeting hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story flat-roofed building constructed of brick laid in English bond. It has parapets and corbeled cornices; the front parapet has a concrete medallion holding metal figures "IOOF," "1906," and the Odd Fellows emblem.</p><br>
<p>A 1992 review of historic resources in Fromberg commented that "Little is known about the organizational activities of the I.O.O.F in Fromberg", beyond that the I.O.O.F. was the first fraternal organization in Fromberg and that it financed construction of the building in 1906, and then was active for about 20 years.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Hall in Stevensville, Montana, also known as the Stevensville Historical Society Museum, was built starting in 1912. It is a vernacular architecture building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Frank Grant, writing in its National Register nomination, states:The I.O.O.F. Hall, built ca. 1912, is a fine example of the typical Main Street lodge hall found in many rural communities. Built during a period of optimism and growth in Stevensville, the building suggests that members assumed the lodge would continue to play the significant role in community life that it had played during the frontier era.</p><br>
<p>The building later served as town hall, library, and firehouse for Stevensville.</p><br>
<p>It was built where the former Wells Building had stood, until destroyed in the 1905 fire in downtown Stevensville.</p><br>
<p>The Stevensville Historical Museum is now located at 517 Main Street, Stevensville.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Lodge in Thompson Falls, Montana, United States, also known as Odd Fellows Hall, was built in 1901 and served historically as a clubhouse and as a meeting hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>It was built for the Lone Star Lodge #33 of the International Order of Odd Fellows. The chapter was founded in 1889 with 27 original members and grew to over 100 members by 1901.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the oldest surviving masonry buildings in Thompson Falls, and it is significant for its association with the Odd Fellows and social and charitable activity.</p><br>
<p>The Austin Masonic and Odd Fellows Hall is a building in Austin, Nevada that was built in 1867. It served historically as a meeting hall and as a business. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It is a brick building with stretcher-bond brickwork on its front and American bond on the sides and rear. It has a tall front parapet with dentil-like corbels.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Liberty Lodge No. 49, built in 1923, is a historic commercial building in Liberty, Missouri. It served historically as an Independent Order of Odd Fellows meeting hall and as a specialty store. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Liberty Odd Fellows lodge had been using the building at 20 East Franklin for its meetings since 1889. In need of more space, they constructed a second building next door at 16-18 East Franklin, and like its first building, leased the first floor to commercial businesses and used the second floor as a meeting hall. The original building was then used as a banquet hall.</p><br>
<p>The store at 16 East Franklin storefront has housed the Whiteside Jewelry since the 1920s. The other store front in the building has also held long term tenants, including a variety store and a florist.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Liberty Lodge building is a two-story brick rectangular structure with a parapet top and a flat roof. It is clad in light-colored glazed brick. The center of the parapet has the Odd Fellows interlocking ring symbol carved into the stone. The second floor has been altered into several individual offices.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s design is Moderne architecture, early 20th-century commercial. It was designed by architect Charles A. Smith. Smith, a well known local architect, designed over fifty schools in the Kansan city area, as well as some buildings at William Jewell College in Liberty.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as an example of combination of building uses typical to small towns, and for its association with architect Charles A. Smith.</p><br>
<p>The American Legion Hall is a historic social meeting hall at Race and Spruce Streets in the center of Searcy, Arkansas. It is a single-story structure, built out of native fieldstone in 1939 with funding support from the Works Progress Administration . Its main block has a side-facing gable roof, with a projecting flat-roof section in which the entrance is recessed under a rounded archway. The building is typical of rustic-styled buildings constructed by the WPA and other jobs programs of the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Bowman House is a historic house museum on Bowman Lane, off Maine State Route 128, in Dresden, Maine, United States. It was built in 1762, early in the area&#39;s colonial settlement history, and later served as the office of an ice harvesting business. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 7, 1971, under the name Bowman-Carney House. It is now a museum owned and managed by Historic New England.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bowman House stands on the eastern bank of the Kennebec River, about 1,200 ft north of Maine State Route 197, and a similar distance west of Maine State Route 128. Five of its seven acres are cleared, providing a view overlooking the river. The house is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a hip roof, two interior chimneys, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. Its main facades, facing toward the river and Route 128, are essentially identical, with centered entrances framed by pilasters, entablature, and gabled pediment. A single-story ell, probably of 19th-century construction, extends to one side. The interior retains many 18th-century features, include wide floors of pumpkin pine, wall paneling, and trim.</p><br>
<p>The town of Dresden was originally part of Pownalborough, settled in 1754 and incorporated in 1760, which was the first shire town of Lincoln County. This house was built in 1762 for Jonathan Bowman by Gersham Flagg, a local master builder who had recently completed the Pownalborough Courthouse. Bowman was a leading citizen, serving as a judge of probate, and engaged in a variety of economically important local businesses. In the 19th century it came into the hands of James Carney, a blacksmith whose work supported maritime trade, and the house came to be known as the Bowman-Carney House. The property was later adapted for use in the ice harvesting business, with the house converted into an office, and ice storage sheds lining the river. This business peaked in the 1870s, and crashed by the turn of the 20th century. It was then purchased by the daughters of historian Henry S. Burrage, who recognized its historic significance and contributed to its preservation.</p><br>
<p>Ms. Burrages friend, William Waters, born and raised in Blakely, Georgia, bought the home and spent close to 40 years investing-in, restoring and enjoying the home and property, including tracking down most all of the original furniture built in 1760 for the home by an expert craftsman in Boston. William was an artist (a student of Lamar Dodd), New York designer and owner of a few successful businesses, including The Firehouse and Lilac Antiques. Waters family originally hailed from Baltimore and for generations the family antiques were handed down, many of which ended up with Waters, including for example a family grandfather clock.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, Waters donated the house to Historic New England, retaining a life tenancy. Waters died in 2016. In 2021, Historic New England opened the house as a museum under the name "Bowman House".</p><br>
<p>The United States Customhouse and Post Office, also known as the Old Customhouse, is a historic federal government building at Fore and Water Streets in Wiscasset, Maine. It was designed by Alfred B. Mullett and built in 1869–1870 by William Hogan of Bath, Maine. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1970. It has been a private residence since purchased by Entrepreneur Jack Nelson and his wife Stacy in October 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former customhouse in Wiscasset stands adjacent to its historic waterfront area, at the northwest corner of Water and Fore Streets. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a hip roof and granite foundation. Its south-facing front facade is three bays wide, the center one projecting slightly and topped by a low-pitch gable with a keystoned half-round window at its center. A porch shelters the center entrance, with square paneled posts rising by an entablature and flat roof with balcony rail. Windows on the ground floor consist of pairs set in segmented-arch openings, while those on the second floor, also paired, are set in round-arch openings. A granite entablature separates the brick wall from the projecting roof cornice.</p><br>
<p>Wiscassets first customs office was opened in 1791, and was then located in a small building adjacent to the home of the collector, Francis Cook. This building was later moved to Bradford Street and converted to a private residence; it later burned down. Its next customhouse was built in the 1790s, and was destroyed in Wiscassets 1866 fire. The present building was designed Alfred B. Mullett, the Supervising Architect of the United States Treasury Department, and was completed in 1870 by William Hogan, a local contractor. Hogan at first raided Fort Edgecomb for bricks, until the War Department put a halt to that activity, and also took stones from a family cemetery&#39;s enclosing wall.</p><br>
<p>The building at first housed both customs and post office facilities. Wiscasset ceased to be a port of entry in 1913, and parts of the building were occupied by other government offices until the 1960s, when the post office moved to new facilities. The building was then sold into private ownership, and has served a variety of commercial and residential purposes since.</p><br>
<p>The Kennebunk River Club is a private recreational and social club at 116 Ocean Avenue in Kennebunkport, Maine. Established in 1888 by summer residents of the resort area, its main building, constructed the following year, is a high-quality example of Shingle style architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kennebunk River Club is located on the west side of Ocean Avenue, between it and the Kennebunk River. It is a two-story frame structure, built on top of pilings. It has a broad gabled roof oriented toward the river and the road, with gabled dormers projecting from the sides. The main facade faces the river, and has a centered double-door entrance flanked by sidelights, with symmetrically placed windows on either side. A porch extends across this facade, with five arched openings on the first floor, and a large arched opening on the second. Stairs sheltered by the porch provide access between its levels. The interior of the building is simply styled, and little altered since its construction.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, thirteen summer residents of Kennebunkport organized a "Lobster, Boat, and Canoe Club", which was formally titled the Kennebunk River Club with the start of construction of this building the following year. The building, designed by Frederick W. Stickney of Lowell, Massachusetts, was completed in 1890, and was enlarged by the addition of a canoe shed on the north side in 1908. Canoes were built and hired out to club members by members of the Penobscot tribe who came to Kennebunkport from Old Town each summer. The club&#39;s activities have mirrored changing fashions of boating trends over the following decades.</p><br>
<p>Lees Creek Covered Bridge is a historic wooden bridge on Lees Creek Road 0.1 mi south of Kentucky Route 8 near Dover, Kentucky. It is 61 ft long with a double set of Queen post trusses on each side.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1835 as a toll bridge and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Major renovations were completed in 1926 by the Bower Bridge Company and in 1966 by the Kentucky Highway Department. It was raised to the current height by 15-year-old Stock Bower in 1920. The latest renovation took place in 2001. Iron support beams were added to the bridge during the course of these renovations.</p><br>
<p>Many reasons have been offered to explain the construction of covered bridges in Kentucky during the 19th century. Roads across the bridges were kept dry and free of snow in winter. The protection the cover provided against wood deterioration was likely most important. The cover allowed timbered trusses and braces to season properly and kept water out of the joints, prolonging the life by seven to eight times that of an uncovered bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was bypassed in 2005, but remains open to local traffic.</p><br>
<p>The Olympic Tower, originally known as the United Shopping Tower, then the Northwestern Mutual Insurance Building, and later, the Olympic Savings Tower, is a historic 12-story office tower located in Seattle, Washington and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally built in 1929 at the Southwest corner of Third Avenue and Pine Street for the United Pacific Corporation under the control of Seattle investment firm Drumheller, Ehrlichman and White. It was designed by Henry Bittman who also designed additions to the building in 1939.</p><br>
<p>The building consists of a ten-story reinforced concrete and terra cotta tower setback from 3rd Avenue but flush with Pine Street, on top of a three-story (originally two-story) base that fills the 113 by lot. A large part of the facade consists of large windows bringing natural light into almost every interior space. It was reported at the time of construction that the shopping tower had more glass in proportion to its size than any other building in Seattle.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s original purpose was to house retail tenants, one per floor with a tea room on the tenth floor. The building was an early incarnation of the indoor shopping center and the only of its kind in the Pacific Northwest. Also in the original plans, grass was to be planted on the roof of the second floor for a putting green owned by a sporting goods store on the third floor (the base of the tower). By the end of 1932, the retail concept proved to be a failure and the building was converted into offices for the Northwestern Mutual Insurance Company. It later housed the headquarters for the Olympic Savings Bank, after whose closure in 1994 was sold to private investors and converted into office space. The building became a City of Seattle Landmark on May 18, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Plans announced</h3><br>
<p>In late 1928, the corner of Third Avenue and Pine street in Seattle&#39;s burgeoning midtown retail district, then occupied by the aging Melrose Hotel, was purchased from the Gottstein Estate by United Shopping Tower Inc., a company created by the United Pacific Corporation specifically to own the property which was in turn a subsidiary of Drumheller, Ehrlichman & White investment bankers. In September 1928, an announcement was made by United Pacific for plans of a $700,000 retail tower on the prominent site that would rise ten, later revised to twelve, stories. Each floor of the building would have one single specialty retail tenant with a tea room at the top. Henry Broderick, Inc. would manage the property.</p><br>
<h3>Construction begins</h3><br>
<p>Demolition of the old Melrose Hotel began on December 3, 1928. The building, originally a Victorian lodging house known as the Rosedale, was built in 1890 at the site of the post office. It was moved to 3rd Avenue and Pine Street in 7 pieces in 1901 to make way for its construction where it gained a brick ground floor as a result of the Denny Regrade and became the Federal Hotel. It was later clad completely in brick.</p><br>
<p>As the site was cleared, architect Bittman awarded the construction contract to Hendrickson & Alstrom, general contractors. The University Brick & Tile Company once located on E. 40th street in the University District was responsible for much of the building&#39;s exterior terracotta. Construction began in January 1929 and was mostly completed by late August. Among the first tenants to sign on for the unique new building was the Shopping Tower Bargain Basement, a newly formed discount department store that would occupy the entire basement. Puget Sound Power and Light Company and Western Union also signed leases for space. Most of the twelfth floor was leased to Gene Hanner for a photography studio. A superficial 13th floor located below the roof was used for storage.</p><br>
<h3>Building opens to public</h3><br>
<p>The grand opening of the Bargain Basement on October 26, 1929, also marked the unofficial opening of the Shopping tower, though still not fully completed. The building soon had more tenants and officially opened to the public on November 2, 1929. The lobby of the building, on Pine Street, was decorated with marble and mahogany trimming and featured display cases for the various retail tenants to display their wares. Two high-speed, micro-leveling, signal controlling Otis elevators that served the building were also decorated with marble and bronze. A unique feature of the building at the time was the inclusion of a rooftop garden:</p><br>
<p>Later in 1929, radio station KPBC, the predecessor to KIRO, opened a new studio in the building. The renamed station would move to the Cobb Building in 1935.</p><br>
<h3>Northwestern Mutual Insurance Building</h3><br>
<p>While a novel concept at first, the Great Depression soon revealed that the vertical shopping concept was not good for businesses trying to make themselves as visible as possible to what few people were still spending money. In December 1932, the Northwestern Mutual Fire Association, the nation&#39;s biggest fire insurance company at the time, signed a ten-year lease with the Gottstein Estate for the majority of the vacated space in the building and renamed it the Northwestern Mutual Insurance Building. In February 1933, following $40,000 in renovations including remodeling the lobby and the addition of a new scientific sprinkler system, the company moved their offices from the Central Building in the financial district to the former shopping tower where they would occupy the basement, 2nd, 3rd, 10th, 11th and 12th floors. Remaining retail tenants occupying the basement and second floors were forced to vacate.</p><br>
<p>The original plans for the building had called for a mast consisting of a ten foot copper base on a concrete pedestal holding a 30 ft tall pole surmounted by a zinc ball 16-inches in diameter. A mast wasnt built until 1937 and of a heavier design than originally intended. From late 1939 to early 1940, the 60 ft spire was used as a light-up "thermometer" to gauge the progress of Seattles Community Campaign fund. The lighting was divided into six sections each representing $100,000 donated to the fund and another section would light up each time a goal was met. The airway beacon at the top represented the final goal. In 1971 the mast was removed due to maintenance problems.</p><br>
<p>In late 1939, Northwest Mutual commissioned the buildings original architect, Henry Bittman, to design a 7,200 ft&sup2; expansion to the buildings third floor for the insurance company&#39;s use that would blend in with the original design. Another major expansion in 1941 was completed to accommodate district offices of the Richfield Oil Corporation. During this expansion the tower was expanded 55 ft west to the alley. In 1943, the entire second floor was taken over by the Induction Center of Western Washington for Men which handled Selective Service during World War II.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, a remodel occurred which removed most of the decorative features of the lobby including the ornamental bronze elevator doors. The lobby was also made smaller by additional retail space.</p><br>
<h3>Olympic Tower and later years</h3><br>
<p>In 1974, Northwestern Mutual became the Unigard Insurance Group and moved most of their offices to the recently completed Financial Center at Fourth and Seneca Streets but retained a small office in the building until 1976. Following Unigard&#39;s departure, the building was briefly retitled the "Insurance Building" in hopes of attracting other insurance firms but after a brief vacancy in the late 1970s, the building was purchased by Securities Financial, Inc. in 1979. That company was a subsidiary of Olympic Savings & Loan Association, a bank started in Bremerton, Washington in 1964. Olympic carried out an extensive renovation of the interior and exterior of the building. Intrusive additions to the storefronts were removed and the facade was cleaned. Other improvements included updated mechanical systems and the removal of an unused freight elevator. Following the restoration, Securities Financial nominated the building for the National Register of Historic Places, to which it was accepted the following year.</p><br>
<p>In early 1980, the building became the headquarters for Olympic Savings and was officially retitled the Olympic Tower and included a branch bank on the ground floor. Following Olympic Saving&#39;s demise in 1993, the tower was purchased by the Singaporean investment corporation, Duchess Properties Ltd., led by Liu Shek Yuen. The building is currently owned by Olympic Tower LLC and houses offices and condominia.</p><br>
<p>Schoolhouse No. 6 is a historic one room school building located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York. It was built in 1860 and is a one-story cobblestone building built of coursed cobblestones with smooth ashlar quoins. It features a curvilinear hipped roof topped by an open bell tower. Also on the property is a contributing privy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Fuller&#39;s Tavern is a historic inn and tavern located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York. It was built about 1795 and is a two-story wood-frame house with a "saltbox" roof. It opened as a tavern house in 1806 and is one of the few remaining inns of those built along the Great Western Turnpike in the late 18th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>McNiven Farm Complex is a historic home and barn complex located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York. The original house was built about 1790 and is a small Dutch house that is located to the rear of the present structure. A substantial addition was completed in the mid-19th century. It is a two-story, five bay wide farmhouse with a center entrance and gable roof. Also on the property is a vernacular barn complex.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Vanderpool Farm Complex is a historic home and barn located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York. The house was built about 1855 and has a two-story main block with -story ell. It features a classical, recessed center entrance with side lights and transom. The Dutch barn was built about 1800 and a small shed connects it to the adjacent small English barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Aroostook County Courthouse and Jail is located on Court Street in the center of Houlton, Maine. The building was built in 1859 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 26, 1990. Its oldest portion dates to 1859, built to a design by Gridley J. F. Bryant, and was the county&#39;s first purpose-built court facility. Later additions in 1895  and 1928 added wings that give the building its present shape. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Aroostook County Courthouse and Jail is a sprawling complex occupying about half of a city block in the center of Houlton, Maine. The original 1859 courthouse is a rectangular brick block, with a bell-shaped mansard roof, and a cupola that now also includes a clock; the latter is an addition made during the 1895 additions to the building, in which the cupola was moved to the new center of the building. The front facade, facing west, has a central entrance pavilion, three bays wide, topped by a gable-on-mansard pediment. The entrance is in the center bay, sheltered by a portico supported by paired columns. Windows on this facade are set in slightly-recessed round-arch openings. The original 1859 entrance faces south (toward Military Street), is framed by pilasters and a segmented-arch pediment.</p><br>
<p>Aroostook County was established in 1839, during a period of heightened tension over the exact location of the border with neighboring New Brunswick. County offices were at first rented in a variety of spaces in Houlton, including the Blackhawk Putnam Tavern, the towns oldest surviving building. In 1858 the county commissioners retained Gridley J. F. Bryant, then working in Boston, to design a courthouse. The building completed in 1859 is now the southernmost part of the complex. In 1895 Wilfred E. Mansur, a Bangor architect, was retained to design an addition, which extended this building to the north, using Bryants design vocabulary, and moved the cupola to the new center of the building and adding its clock. It also replaced the existing jail, a separate structure standing on the property since at least 1877. At this time Mansur also designed a secondary Aroostook County Courthouse in Caribou.</p><br>
<p>In 1928 a new addition to the north doubled the size of the building, and reoriented it to face toward court street, again relocating the cupola.</p><br>
<p>The J. Bratton Davis United States Bankruptcy Courthouse is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, located in Columbia, South Carolina. It was originally constructed in 1936, under the supervision of architect Harold Tatum. The courthouse is named for J. Bratton Davis, a bankruptcy judge first appointed in 1978 who later became Chief Judge of the USA Bankruptcy Court for the District of South Carolina, and he served in that capacity until 2000.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, having been added to the list on March 2, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the summer of 1932, the Postmaster General and Secretary of the Treasury authorized $550,000 (later reduced to $500,000) for the construction of a new courthouse and office building in Columbia, South Carolina. This structure was intended to replace the older Federal Building which had been built in 1875 at 1737 Main Street. The mayor of Columbia began investigating the possible purchase by the city of the old Federal property. The city arranged to exchange the property it owned at the southeast corner of Laurel and Assembly Streets for the Federal Building on Main. The original Federal Building still stands on Main Street as the Columbia City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The USA Courthouse was designed by Harold Tatum in 1935. Tatum was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and was one of the few university-trained architects in Columbia. Archibald Brown (possibly representing the Federal Government) was Construction Engineer and James Barnes of Springfield, Ohio was awarded the contract to construct the building.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1936. Original electric work was done by Miller Electrical Company of Columbia and Jacksonville, Florida. The concrete work was done by Concrete Construction and Supply Company of Columbia. The original construction photos (which can be found in the building managers office) were done by Sargeant Studios of Columbia. The building was dedicated on January 18, 1937 and originally housed the USA District Court, the Internal Revenue Service, the Justice Department and the District Attorneys Office.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s primary significance lies in its architecture rather than its history. Of particular note is the use of poured monolithic concrete as a building material. The use of poured monolithic concrete is common for plain, linear types of buildings (such as warehouses), however it was (and is) unusual for a structure of complex style and detailing to be constructed in this manner.</p><br>
<p>The building is of the Renaissance Revival style, and has a basement, first, second, and third stories, a partial fourth level on the east and west sides and a partial fifth story with mirador rising from the center of the building. The building is of concrete and masonry construction, with steel and wood roof framing. The exterior walls and trim are all concrete. The building features a rusticated base, rusticated quoins, smooth walls and trabeated fenestration accented with various types of pediments.</p><br>
<p>The Federal Building derives much of its significance from the method of construction. The building was constructed of poured monolithic concrete. It was the first building to be constructed this way in South Carolina and one of the first in the country to utilize this method of construction.</p><br>
<p>The front facade is divided into five bays. The central pavilion projects beyond the plane of the facade. It is detailed with six Ionic fluted pilasters which define five bays within the central pavilion. The pilasters support the unenriched entablature and a pediment. The central pavilion divides the front facade into two wings (east and west). The entrance is in the central portion of the building. It consists of three recessed arched openings defined by rusticated voussoirs. Each opening contains a decorative wood fan light. The original wood doors have been replaced with steel ones but the contemporary doors are reminiscent of the original. The concrete platform spans the width of the central pavilion of the building and supports two wrought iron lamposts. The rear facade repeats the pattern of the front.</p><br>
<p>The center portion of the building contains a rectangular plan fourth level. Crowning the fourth level is a fifth octagonal level which formerly housed a weather station and an observatory tower (the mirador).</p><br>
<p>The two side facades are divided into five bays with the central bays defined by engaged pilasters of the Tuscan order. The window heads are more pronounced than those at the front and rear.</p><br>
<p>The fenestration varies at each level. At the first level the windows are eight over eight, double hung, set in a rusticated facade with radiating rusticated voussoirs. The second level openings are detailed with simple molded surrounds except at the central pavilion where the center opening has a broken scroll pediment while the flanking apertures have plain pediments. The center window openings of each end pavilion are detailed with segmented arched pediments and ancons. At the third level, the windows are eight over eight double hung except for the central pavilion where they are twelve over twelve. All the fenestration on the rear (south) facade repeats the pattern of the front except at the third level where the windows are blocked-in at the south side of the courtroom.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building has had some alteration since construction. Its most notable feature is the third floor courtroom which appears to be in almost original condition.</p><br>
<p>The J. Marvin Jones Federal Building and Mary Lou Robinson United States Courthouse, formerly known as the Amarillo USA Post Office and Courthouse, is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas built in Amarillo, Texas in 1937. It reflects Art Deco architecture and Moderne architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. In addition to its continuous use as a courthouse, it has served as a post office, as a customhouse, and as a government office building.</p><br>
<p>It was renamed for USA Court of Claims judge John Marvin Jones in 1980, and was renamed the J. Marvin Jones Federal Building and Mary Lou Robinson United States Courthouse in 2018 in honor of federal judge Mary Lou Robinson.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1937 and 1938, the building occupies a prominent position in downtown Amarillo, across East Fifth Avenue north of Courthouse Square. Smaller and less important architecturally than the adjacent Potter County Courthouse, the Jones Building nevertheless gives the Federal Government a tangible presence in the center this city on the plains of North Texas, and demonstrates the concern that existed at the time of its construction for enhancing public places. Built to occupy approximately half of the block bounded by East Fifth Avenue, S. Taylor Street, East Fourth Avenue and S. Fillmore Street, the structure was designed as the United States Post Office and Courthouse. It served both of these functions, and provided additional Federal offices, until 1977 when the Post Office moved its central office out of the building and into its fourth Amarillo location.</p><br>
<p>This building was designed by well-known Texas architect Wyatt C. Hedrick (who had offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Houston). Louis A. Simon of the USA Treasury Department was the supervising architect and Neal Melnick was the supervising engineer; Algernon Blair of Montgomery, Alabama was the contractor. Julius Woeltz of New Orleans won an important competition to paint the murals on the walls of the Main Lobby. Although not a particularly distinguished design effort by the Hedrick firm, the completed building was nonetheless well-planned and demonstrated of a thorough familiarity of the Federal Government&#39;s standard details of the day for post offices and courthouses. Further, the Jones Building can be understood as an example of what is characterized as the American Renaissance Movement, a relatively short-lived period in art and architecture. This strongly nationalistic movement began by identifying with the public art and construction programs of Renaissance Italy, and then adapted European art and architectural styles and symbolism to celebrate American themes. It ceased without finding a distinctive path.</p><br>
<p>After about fifteen years of occupancy, in the mid-1950s the Government extended the mail platform on the north and back side of the building to the west. Other alterations were also effected in the ensuing years, including the provision of paving in place of green space on the east and west sides of the building. In the 1970s, insensitively conceived and executed alterations for air conditioning and renovations to replace the Post Office damaged and obscured large portions of the interior. With plans for two additional courtrooms the historic significance of the Jones Building is limited to its largely intact exterior, a small Main Lobby, the District Courtroom and certain service areas and elements.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The J. Marvin Jones Federal Building is a three-story concrete structure with a full basement, notable for the straightforwardness and simplicity of its planning and expression. Rectangular in plan, regular and symmetrical in elevation, it combines an organization derived from Classical or Renaissance Revival architecture with details drawn from the Modernistic style of its date of creation. The thirteen bay principal elevation faces Courthouse Square with regularly spaced windows cut into the plane of the light buff limestone clad wall. With a limestone spandrel at the level of the second floor itself, these set-back windows give a rhythm to the primary wall surface that allows it to read like pilasters marching along the facades. Two entries, symmetrically placed in the slightly wider second and twelfth bays, are identified with fluted pilasters that flank the doors and extend vertically approximately forty feet to the head of the third floor windows. On the south-facing elevation as well as the east and west facades the second and third floor windows are combined into a single unit with a glass spandrel window over the intermediate floor structure. Pilasters with simplified capitals rise alongside each jamb from the second story window sills to the heads of the third floor windows. This expression produces the appearance of a two-story building with a principal, upper floor of grander purpose, that of the double-height District Courtroom.</p><br>
<p>The depth and substance of the mottled pink and black Texas granite base and basement wall cladding are obscured by gratings installed in recent years at grade, that block off the recessed areas or light wells around the building. The safety concerns that led to the introduction of these gratings can be relatively simply addressed with minor modifications of the handsome wrought iron railings that surround the building. Security bars can be reintroduced at the basement windows if required. Granite cheek blocks and planters either side of the two sets of steps to the East Fifth Avenue entry doors are carved with reeds and flutes characteristic of the Moderne style of architecture. A wheelchair ramp added in 1992 at the entry to the Main Lobby employs the same Texas granite as the original construction, with less skill in detailing and arrangement.</p><br>
<p>The rear or North side of the building is distinguished from the other sides by its form, its wall material and the former mail platform, extended to the west in 1956. The rectangular footprint of the basement and the first floor is developed into a U-shaped plan with a light court at the rear on the second and third floors. A matte, light cream colored face brick clearly distinguishes this as a secondary or service side. The original purpose of the building, the clarity of its conception, the period of the construction and the skill of the architect are all evident here.</p><br>
<p>Still intact on all facades are the original steel window frames and sashes, of standard manufacture and characteristic of the period of construction. There are however multiple broken lights or glasses in the first floor transom windows. This is the result of back-painting the glass black and installing insulated plywood backup panels, which occurred in the 1976 renovation as a byproduct of lowering ceilings for air conditioning ductwork. This unfortunate renovation also closed the north-facing skylight monitor over the first floor area that once housed the postal work area. The original aluminum and glass entrance doors have also been removed, with their pulls and hardware designed to reinforce the motif stated by the wrought iron railing around the building, and replaced with generic aluminum framed doors. The single light glass transom above these doors has been replaced with an opaque board that serves as a backdrop for the building name. The aluminum eagles survive, perched on their lighting fixture supports at the second floor window sills above each entry, although the custom fixtures are no longer functioning.</p><br>
<p>Over time the building has been surrounded by asphalt parking areas on all sides except the south side, which faces Courthouse Square. As conceived and planted, the building was set with green space on three sides to reinforce the limestone clad principal elevations, with service and vehicular access only on the north side. At present the paving for parking and drives is loosely organized and deteriorated. Although vehicular parking is always valuable, a restoration of the original relationship of the building to the landscape is recommended. Service functions in the paved areas at the rear of the building also need to be analyzed, to avoid potentially dangerous conditions like that presented by the close proximity of the dumpster to the gas meter.</p><br>
<p>On the interior of the Jones Building, there are few spaces still relatively intact. The Main Lobby and the District Courtroom are most notable in this regard; both have elements that are unaltered or largely restorable. The volumes, materials and detailing of these rooms can with minor alterations be brought back to their historic conditions, which demonstrate well the original architectural intentions that generated the building. A large percentage of the elements and details that determine the character of the building are intact in secondary, service areas like stairs and toilet rooms. The corridors and office areas themselves have been diminished in volume and have lost significant portions of their original elements and finishes. On the first floor, key elements like the patterned multi-colored terrazzo floor, the decorative plaster ceiling of the Post Office Lobby and the framework for the skylight monitor above the Postal Work Area are largely intact and recoverable. These assets can be reclaimed if current finishes covering them are removed and the spaces involved are replanned to take advantage of their existence.</p><br>
<p>Murals by Julius Woeltz at the J. Marvin Jones Federal Building:</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office at 522 North Central Avenue at 1st Avenue and West Fillmore Street in Phoenix, Arizona, also known as the Federal Building-USA Post Office, is a building of the United States federal government that was built in 1932-1936 and designed by Lescher and Mahoney in the Spanish Colonial Revival style. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is currently part of Arizona State University&#39;s Downtown Phoenix Campus, where it houses student organizations, counseling services, administrative offices and the ASU Police Department. A USPS location is situated on the first floor of the old post office.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Federal Building-USA Post Office in Phoenix, Arizona is significant on a local level in two areas: architecture and politics/government. A good example of federal architecture adapted to a regional tradition, in this case the Spanish Colonial Revival, the building was erected during the years 1932 to 1936. Part of an extensive federal building program initiated in the late 1920s, it housed the main post office of Phoenix for over thirty years, as well as the offices of the judiciary and several federal agencies. A few years after opening, murals commissioned by Treasury Department were installed in the lobby. Substantially intact, the Federal Building-Post Office continues to function as a post office branch and its tenants include the United States Tax Court and assorted federal entities.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the Post Office marked Phoenix&#39;s rapid growth and its important position as the state capital. Founded in 1870–71, Phoenix had a series of post office facilities until 1913, when the U. S. Treasury Department built the Phoenix Post Office and Courthouse. By 1930, the city had outgrown the building, and Congress appropriated the funds for a new building. The Phoenix Federal Building would be one of the results of the massive federal building program underway at the time, partially in an attempt to combat the deepening Depression.</p><br>
<p>A site was chosen in 1931 and Phoenix architects Lescher and Mahoney were commissioned to design a six-story building that was intended to house all of the federal services in the city. Construction was begun on the foundations. For a variety of reasons, including the unexpectedly high cost of land acquisition, the design for a three-story rather than a six-story building was submitted to the Treasury Department for review. By the time construction bids were again sought, the building had assumed a Spanish Colonial Revival appearance and two story height. The building opened on September 29, 1936, of that year when the post office began operations in its new home.</p><br>
<p>A landmark in central Phoenix, the Federal Building-Post Office was symbolic of the federal presence in the city and a focus of local pride. It continues today in those capacities, although construction of a new post office in 1968 absorbed several of its tenants. The only federal building from the period remaining in the city, the Post Office possesses substantial architectural merit as an example of Spanish Colonial Revival design.</p><br>
<h3>Murals</h3><br>
<p>In 1938, the Fine Arts Section of the Treasury Department commissioned artists La Verne Black and Oscar E. Berninghaus to paint two murals each to embellish the public space of the office.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The Post Office is located several blocks north of the center of downtown Phoenix. It occupies a large parcel bounded on the east by North Central Avenue, on the north by West Fillmore Street, on the west by North First Avenue, and on the south by the post office driveway and receiving area. It was designed with three principal elevations. While the Fillmore street elevation is technically the front of the building, the east and west elevations are mirror images of each other and contain the public entries.</p><br>
<p>A Spanish Colonial Revival theme, influenced by the proportions and symmetry of the Italian Renaissance, was chosen for the building. In plan, the building consists of a two-story rectangular mass 193 feet wide by 165 feet deep, with a second, smaller rectangular wing, 127 feet by 60 feet, centered on the rear elevation. A tiled hip roof crowns the main wing while the rear wing is flat-roofed. A frieze containing attic vents bands the entire structure. The building has a full basement, illuminated on the principal elevations by large light wells bordered by wrought iron railings. Cement stucco sheathes the exterior above a rusticated concrete plinth which simulates granite in its appearance. Trim is primarily cast stone and concentrated around the entries on the east and west and the end bays on the north, each of which is distinguished by ornate, Classical treatments. Bays are defined solely by the fenestration.</p><br>
<p>The building has a composite type structural system which utilizes steel framing for beams and columns and poured reinforced concrete for floor slabs and fireproofing around the steel. It rests upon three-tiered spread footings of reinforced concrete, large enough to carry additional stories. Foundation walls are of poured reinforced concrete while the exterior walls above the foundation are constructed of brick masonry. Interior walls are generally hollow terra cotta tile.</p><br>
<p>In plan and in architectural character, the three floors of the building are generally quite distinct from each other. The basement is utilitarian, with an L-shaped corridor providing access to various storage, service, and mechanical areas. As the main public level, the first floor contains the most architecturally detailed space, the post office lobby which runs the width of the building. Suites of offices occupy the space north of the lobby while bays of post office boxes and the post office workroom are located to the south. Additional office space is arranged around the generally F-shaped corridor of the second story. Light courts fill in the open spaces of the "F."</p><br>
<p>Architectural integrity of the Federal Building-Post Office is generally quite high on the exterior but somewhat impaired on the interior. The most significant alterations include the replacement of the original entry doors; painting of the cast stone exterior trim; installation of wood entry vestibules and new post office box vestibules in the post office lobby; closure of several original post office service window bays; and remodeling of many of the offices.</p><br>
<h2>Arizona State University</h2><br>
<p>The building currently is part of Arizona State University at the Downtown Phoenix campus. It houses such functions as student organizations, counseling services, administrative offices and the ASU Police Department. A USPS location is situated on the first floor of the old post office.</p><br>
<p>Pierce School No. 13 is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Pierce School Lofts, as the building is now called, contains 41 market-rate apartments. It was included as a contributing property in the Village of East Davenport Historic District in 1980. The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1899 as School No. 13. It was one of eight schools that opened during the 30 year administration of Superintendent J.B. Young. It replaced School #1, which was located at Mound and 11th Streets, and School #9, located at Grand Avenue and Locust Street. The school&#39;s name was changed to Pierce in 1908. Around 1919 the Davenport schools adopted the "6-3-3" system and Pierce continued as an elementary school serving the east side of Davenport. An evaluation of school facilities was done by the school system in the 1920s and with the growth in the student population in the 1930s twelve schools, including Pierce, were replaced with newer buildings.</p><br>
<p>The building ceased being a school in 1940. By the end of the 1940s Mast Development Company, a research and development firm, made the building its headquarters. They built an addition onto the back of the building in 1977 that more than doubled the size of the structure. Mast moved out of the building in 1986. The following year the building was converted into Pierce School Mall, an office and retail facility. The back addition was used by a local appliance store as a warehouse. A 2005 plan to convert the building into condominiums faltered. In 2015 a $10 million renovation project to convert the facility into 41 market-rate apartments was begun. It was completed the following year.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Pierce School building was designed by Davenport architect Parke T. Burrows of the local firm Clausen & Burrows. The square block building is two stories high on a raised basement. In the center of each elevation is a projecting pavilion that is capped with a triangular pediment. It is built with red bricks and the basement is faced with large blocks of dressed limestone. The building features a hipped roof with bracketed eaves. It has round arch windows on the main floor and rectangular windows on the second floor and on the basement level. A columned canopy covers the main entrance. The grouping of windows beneath round-arched brick arcades reflect the Richardsonian Romanesque style that was popular in the late 19th century. It is combined with a return to Neoclassicism, which is found in its symmetry of form and massing, the pavilion pediments, and the small windows in deep reveals that form a frieze.</p><br>
<p>Buchanan School, also known as The Naval Station, is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Since 2019 the building has housed a senior living apartment building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Buchanan School was built as School #14 in 1904 when J. B. Young was superintendent. It was one of eight elementary schools that were opened during his 30-year administration. Its name was changed to Buchanan four years after it opened. When the "6-3-3" system was adopted by Davenport schools around 1919 Buchanan continued serving its west end neighborhood as an elementary school. It continued in that capacity until 1940. The building sat vacant until 1951 when it was converted for use as a USA Naval Training Center. They continued to use the building until 1978 when it sat vacant again. In 1988 it was used for storage for an antique auto parts business. The building has subsequently been vacated again and has deteriorated.</p><br>
<p>In 2014 a proposal was announced to convert the former school building into 18 senior apartments, but funding fell through. By the time financing was secured the building was in a serious state of decline. The roof and the west wall, which were caving in, had to be stabilized. In the renovation process, all of the exterior&#39;s original decorative features were kept and repaired. The red clay roof tiles, bricks, and stonework that had deteriorated were replaced. On the interior, the original central staircase, classroom doors, and the open areas in the center of the second and third floors were all retained. The nearly $9 million renovation project, which was about twice the original estimate in 2014, was completed in the summer of 2019. The building, now known as The Naval Station, houses 18 senior living apartments with six units on each floor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The school building was designed by the Davenport architectural firm of Clausen & Burrows. It sits on a full city block that is irregularly shaped by the intersection of the city street grid and Telegraph Road that follows the lower line of the river bluffs at this point. The building features a hipped roof with bracketed eaves. The south elevation of the building has two entrances framed by round arches. The building has three different window styles. There are segmented windows on the basement level, rectangular windows on the main floor, and round arch windows on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Taylor School is a historic building located in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The former grade school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built from 1897 to 1898 as School #11 when J. B. Young was superintendent. By 1898 the Davenport school district had twelve school buildings and a new school was being added every year. The district served more than 5,800 students with a staff of 142 teachers. The name of the building was changed to Taylor School in 1908. The "6-3-3" system was adopted for Davenport Schools in 1919 and Taylor continued to serve its central Davenport neighborhood as an elementary school. It later served as a school for students with intellectual disabilities in the district before it closed.</p><br>
<p>The building had sat empty for most of the 1990s and 2000s. A renovation process to convert the building into senior housing began in 2005. The plan included building an addition as well as renovating the old school building. Financial problems plagued an earlier attempt to develop the project. Construction began again on the project in May, 2010 by the Renaissance Realty Group of Chicago and the $11 million renovation was completed in June, 2011. The building is now known as The Taylor Renaissance, and features forty-one rental units for people 55 and above.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Davenport architectural firm of Clausen & Burrows designed the building in the Colonial Revival style. It is built with red bricks and the basement is faced with large blocks of dressed limestone. The building features a hipped roof with bracketed eaves. The windows in the building are grouped in round-arched arcades. The arched main entrance is covered by a simple canopy with columns in the simplified Doric order.</p><br>
<p>Norman Vale, also known as the Nott House, is a historic home located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York. It is a three-part home comprising a -story center section with a steeply pitched roof, flanked by -story wings. It was built about 1790 and owned by members of the Nott family until 1977. In the 1930s, the house was remodeled in the Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Temple Building in Fairbury, Nebraska</p><br>
<p>was built during 1894–95. It served as the Odd Fellows Hall for Fairbury for almost 70 years. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. Its architect was William Clifton and it is a Romanesque Revival architecture-styled building.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant architecturally as "a well-preserved commercial example of the Romanesque Revival style of architecture." The style appeared in Nebraska during the late 1800s and early 1900s. This building&#39;s features of the style include round-arched window openings, brick corbelling, and wall and corner pilasters and stringcourses.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Opera House in Hampton, Nebraska, United States, is a 40 ft by 65 ft building that was built in 1880 and was leased to the International Order of Odd Fellows  chapter in 1893. In 1988, when it was nominated for the National Register of Historic Places, it was the only two-story building in the retail business area of Hampton.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant at the state level in the areas of the performing arts; entertainment/recreation; and social history, as a well-preserved example of an opera house building in Nebraska.</p><br>
<p>Its decline was partly due to the fact that Aurora, Nebraska, 6 miles away, and Grand Island, Nebraska, 26 miles away, offered more entertainment choices to car-owning residents.</p><br>
<p>It is a "two-part commercial block" building that served historically as a meeting hall, as a theater, as a specialty store, as a music facility, and as a financial institution. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Hose Station No. 7 is located along a busy thoroughfare in a light industrial area of the west end of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first group of volunteer firefighters in Davenport were organized in 1856 and called the Independent Fire Engine and Hose Company. The citys first firehouse, Hose Station No. 1, was built on Perry Street in 1877 for the Fire King Engine 2nd Hose Company. Around the turn of the 20th century, the city built other small hose stations throughout the city such as Hose Station No. 7. They were built in response to the East Davenport Fire of 1901. This building housed one of seven hose companies and two ladder companies in Davenports fire department. The company had a crew of four that was headed by Capt. Christian R. Thiessen. The building has held several different businesses after it was replaced by larger, more modern fire stations.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The fire station was built in the Renaissance Revival style in 1908. Hose Station No. 7 features a rectangular plan, a hipped roof, bracketed eaves, a short tower in which the hoses dried, and a brick exterior with brick quoining. A single pair of firehouse doors, behind which the firefighting equipment was stored, fronted Fourth Street. The pedestrian entrance is off Fillmore Street. All of the windows are rather large and rectangular in shape. The pair of windows on the main facade&#39;s second floor has stylized Gibbs surrounds that stand out against the buildings lighter brick walls. An addition was built onto the east side of the building in later years.</p><br>
<p>The Cork Hill District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cork Hill itself is the western section of a larger area of Davenport known as the LeClaire Reserve, named after the landowner and city founder Antoine LeClaire. It was a large Yankee-Irish neighborhood on the east side of town. The houses of the Cork Hill District reflect the long history of the development of the LeClaire Reserve. The area developed in an unsystematic fashion that resulted in a mixture of architectural forms and styles on every block. LeClaire himself built his home in the Reserve in 1855 and St. Margaret&#39;s Church in 1856. Other prominent families, such as the Frenches, also moved to the area. The family of industrialists were also patrons of the arts and literature in the city. Alice French, whose pen name was Octave Thanet, was known as the first Iowa author with a national reputation.</p><br>
<p>The Irish started moving to Davenport after the Great Famine in Ireland of the 1840s and 1850s. Because large numbers of Irish immigrants settled around St. Margarets Church, the area became known as Cork Hill. Many of the Irish who were located here were laborers who worked for the railroads or in the mills along the Mississippi River. Most of the houses belonging to Irish families were replaced at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century by larger dwellings. However, because of this early association with the Irish the area surrounding Sacred Heart Cathedral, which replaced St. Margarets in 1891, continues to be referred to as Cork Hill.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The homes built in the Cork Hill District reflect most of the major architectural styles of the 19th century. They are, however, simpler than the homes found in the Hamburg Historic District, the former German neighborhood which is located on the bluff to the west. The contrast shows how the various styles were adapted to suit different income levels and tastes. For the most part, the houses here are two stories tall and frame construction. They are mostly single-family dwellings or were at the time they were built. Double houses were also built in the district and were distinguishable by their double entrances.</p><br>
<p>The earliest houses on Cork Hill were built in the Greek Revival style that was popular in early Davenport architecture and continued as the city matured. The Italianate style started to appear in the 1850s, and its use was popularized by LeClaire&#39;s house. It was followed by Queen Anne and Gothic Revival styles. As the 19th century came to a close the Colonial Revival style became more popular, as did the American Craftsman and Victorian styles. A couple of houses were also influenced by the Prairie School. While most of the homes were built as single-family structures, there is also a significant number of double houses on Cork Hill.</p><br>
<p>The Bacon-Stickney House is a historic house located at 441 Loudon Road in Colonie, Albany County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1874 and designed by William M. Woollett, it is a two-story, L-shaped residence. It has a gable roof with diamond-shaped windows in the gable ends. It features a jerkin head-type roof over the wing. It is a significant example of late 19th century "pattern book" architecture in the Picturesque Cottage style. Also on the property is a contributing garage and well house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 3, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office, also known as the Federal Building and Courthouse, is a historic government building in Gadsden, Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Beaux-Arts-style building was constructed in 1909 by architects and engineers in the Office of the Supervising Architect under James Knox Taylor. When it was completed in 1910 it was a one story building housing facilities for the United States Post Office. Only a year later construction began on an addition which added two stories to the building, providing space for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama and other federal agencies. This was completed in 1913, and in 1935-36 a large rear wing was added.</p><br>
<p>The post office moved to a new building in the 1960s, and the building was fully vacated by the government after 2012. In 2017, the building was purchased by Campbell Development, LLC, a firm owned by Gadsden natives Anna Campbell and Caleb Campbell. It now serves as a professional office space for a number of businesses.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Senator William T. Byrne House is a historic home located at Colonie in Albany County, New York. It is a single-story residence with two single-story wings. It features a single-story front portico supported by four square columns. The roofs have wings along the top balustrades. The rear wall was built around 1880 and the front section in 1916. It is in the Colonial Revival architecture style. The property was purchased by Senator William T. Byrne in 1910.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The USA Courthouse and Post Office in Huntsville, Alabama was built in 1932. It reflects Classical Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The building was one of many built pursuant to the authority of the Public Buildings Act of 1926. It was designed by Edgar Lee Love of Huntsville and Miller, Martin & Lewis of Birmingham. It is generally believed that Louis A. Simon, Supervising Architect of the Treasury, exerted a great deal of control over the design.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed as a post office, courthouse and federal office building. When the post office was relocated, many of the spaces, especially on the first floor and in the lobby area, were significantly altered. The building is one of only two in the central business district in the Neo-Classical Revival style. It was listed on the National Register as part of the Downtown Huntsville Multiple Resource Area.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The structure is a three-story Greek Revival–style building. The building has buff brick walls and is ornamented with a limestone water table and an entablature. The main (south) elevation is visually divided into three bays by a central limestone projecting temple form. The temple form consists of four limestone engaged pilasters with simple Tuscan caps supporting an unenriched entablature. The unenriched entablature continues completely around the building at the 3rd-floor level. The main entry door is in the center of the bay. The west elevation is simpler in detail. Visually it is also divided into three bays, with the center bay being defined by brick engaged pilasters carrying simple Tuscan caps.</p><br>
<p>Both the north and east elevations are buff brick and ornamented with limestone. An unenriched limestone entablature spans the east elevation at the 3rd floor level and wraps around the east and west projecting wings at the north elevation. The north elevation continues to serve as the loading dock area at the 1st floor, though no longer for the postal service. At the 2nd- and 3rd-floor levels the east and west wings project and the recessed area forms a small, light court where the windows of the courtroom are revealed. The original east elevation is somewhat obscured by a buff brick addition at the 1st-floor level. The east elevation repeats the same ornamentation as the west, with the four brick-engaged pilasters with Tuscan caps supporting the unenriched entablature. However, due to the addition, only the tops of the pilasters are visible. It appears that the east elevation was originally identical to the west.</p><br>
<p>The main, original courtroom is located in the center of the 2nd floor. A wood panel wainscot to 4-foot height encircles the room. The wainscot is ornamented with fluted columns at 2-foot intervals, thus the wainscot mirrors the fluted pilasters of the walls and matches the original courtroom furniture. The north and south walls are accented with fluted plaster engaged pilasters. The plaster crown mold is in the form of a band with blue rectangular fields highlighted with gold. Above each pilaster the blue rectangle is larger and contains a scroll design; between the pilasters the rectangles are smaller and have a sheaf design. Perhaps the most striking feature of the courtroom is the mural behind the rostrum. The mural, painted by artist Xavier Gonzales, is Belgian linen on canvas using zinc white, earth and cadmium colors. The setting is characteristic of the environment of Huntsville and includes five figures symbolizing different phases of society. The figures represent youth, scientific agriculture, work, artistic endeavors and motherhood. The mural was commissioned by the Section of Painting and Sculpture and was installed October 27, 1937.</p><br>
<p>Of the 18 restrooms originally in the building, eight are still in nearly original condition. The original restrooms are the public restrooms off the 2nd- and 3rd-floor corridors; the private restroom in the 1st floor, southwest, judges chambers (formerly the postmasters office); the 2nd-floor judge&#39;s chambers private restroom; and the restrooms in the jury and petit jury rooms of the 3rd floor.</p><br>
<p>There is a large lobby, the former postal lobby, on the first floor and smaller lobbies on 2nd and 3rd floors. Functional public corridors still exist on the 2nd and 3rd floors; the original first floor corridor has been converted into the court tenant space. The tenant spaces are located on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd floors. On the 1st floor are the newly finished courtroom and another contemporary courtroom, the visiting judges suite and the Clerk of Courts offices. The main courtroom is on the 2nd floor and the tenant space here is given over to a judges suite and library on the west side, and the USA Marshall&#39;s office and detention cell on the east. The 3rd-floor tenant space at the outside of a single loaded U-shaped corridor contains jury rooms, and other related court offices. Typically, all the tenant spaces have been altered to some degree. The basement still serves primarily as the service, mechanical and storage area of the building, and there are also a few small offices here.</p><br>
<p>The George W. Andrews Federal Building and United States Courthouse is a historic government building in Opelika, Alabama. It was originally built in 1915 as the USA Post Office. It reflects a Renaissance Revival exterior and Colonial Revival interior.</p><br>
<p>It is named for George W. Andrews, the pro-racial segregation politician from Alabama.</p><br>
<p>The Opelika Post Office was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It currently serves as a courthouse for the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama.</p><br>
